What is a thresher?

Contrary to the methods of harvesting, which are limited in number, the methods of threshing grains have been invented and made from new tools for threshing. In some parts of the world, old and primitive methods are used to separate the grain from the stem and straw. Methods such as hitting a bunch of grain on a stick that is placed horizontally, as a result of this impact, the spike of grain is crushed and the grain is separated from it and falls on the ground, which is a very hard and tiring work and requires labor. It is abundant. This method is still used in some poor African and Asian countries. The use of wooden wheels pulled by livestock has been common for threshing for a long time. The initial form of such a device is found on a clay tablet found in southern Mesopotamia and according to historians, it was a type of threshing machine. In ancient Egypt, the use of this type of wheel with a wooden or stone spoked wheel was common. This device is pulled with the help of a working animal, which is usually a working cow.

Simple tractor threshers are the ones that crush the grain and free the grain from the spike, and in some types, they also separate the grain from the straw. Most of the threshers that are made in Iran by the manufacturers of agricultural machines are of simple type. In this type of threshers, the threshing axis, which is equipped with several blades, rotates around itself. The blades are located in the direction of the circular axis and are mostly fixed. The axis is connected at its two longitudinal ends in two bearings on the body.

Inside the housing, there are several fixed blades that are connected to the body of the device. The presence of these blades causes more crushing of cereal straw. The entrance opening of the thresher is placed at the top and the body of the machine is made of iron plates. The harvested grain is poured into the entrance opening with the help of forks (four horns). As a result of the rapid rotation of the thresher and the blows that the blades inflict on the grain, the stalk of the grain is broken and the spike or spike is crushed and the grain is released. The mixture of straw and grain falls into the lower part of the thresher.

In some threshers, there is a flywheel after the power transmission axis and in front of the thresher axis, which makes the rotational movement of the thresher uniform. This type of thresher They have two rubber wheels. In this case, the thresher is connected to Traknor's belt and is transferred from one place to another along with it. Some others can be installed on the three hydraulic arms of the tractor. These types of threshers have two metal bases, which are placed on the ground during work to reduce the vibration of the machine. Simple threshers do not have a feeding belt, and the grain product is removed from the threshing floor with the help of special forks and enters through the opening of the machine. It is poured.

1- Avoid too much feed entering the thresher.
2- Be careful not to enter the threshing chamber with the bundles of grain, wood, stones or pieces of thread around the bundles.
3- Selection A certain speed for the power transmission axis of the tractor is essential. After purchasing a thresher machine, a knowledgeable farmer can obtain the approximate speed of the power transmission axis after several tests. The work should be done with grease and it should be carefully removed from the bearing frame. 5- Inspect the condition of the blades daily after the work is done. If the blades are broken or bent, repair it. 6- Since the thresher has a fan, inspect the fan drive belt for wear, and test the belt tension before starting work. It is better to always have a spare belt at your disposal, this prevents unnecessary stoppage of work for a long time and postponement of threshing.

This type of thresher has a threshing part and in addition to separating the grain from the straw, they send the grain to the bagging part. Among the advantages of this type of thresher is the ability to adjust the speed of the thresher as well as the distance between the two threshers. Also, the intensity of the wind produced by the blower and the direction of its blowing can be adjusted, so it can be used for different agricultural products with different qualities. These threshers are available in two types, with wheels and without wheels, and they are also common in Iran. Tuan named the T25 model of Iran's Estad factory. This thresher has no wheels and must be installed on a base and placed in a place. The movement of the threshing, threshing and lifting parts is provided by the tiller engine or diesel and gasoline engines or the tractor, which is transferred to the thresher with the help of V-section belts.

These types of threshers are generally more equipped and complete than the previous threshers, and perform the action of crushing and cleaning the grain completely. The different parts of this type of thresher are moved either through a belt and with the help of a tractor engine or by an electric motor. These threshers are also divided into two categories. In the first category, there is a moving belt for feeding the thresher. The second category does not have this part, and as a result, the worker must regularly pour the grain into the entrance of the thresher with the help of forks.